Summary
Background. Individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk benefit from regular physical training. During various physical trainings, different protocols are applied, trainings differ in duration, intensity, and exercises performed, which may affect cardiometabolic risk indicators differently.
Objective. The purpose of this study was to review the most commonly described types of physical training, their effectiveness in individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk.
Methods. Literature from specialized information search system PubMed. A total of 37 publications in English of the last six years were included in the literature review.
Results. According to the analyzed publications aerobic, strength, combined training and high-intensity interval training reduce body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, waist circumference, have a positive effect on lipid and glucose metabolism, hemodynamic and blood vessels parameters. Strength and combined training helps to maintain or increase body muscle mass. Usually, longer training programs and higher intensity training lead to more significant changes in cardiometabolic risk indicators. High-intensity interval training may reduce cardiometabolic risk despite its short duration. The effectiveness of physical training depends not only on the type, duration or intensity of training, but also on the existing cardiometabolic disorder. For example, the effectiveness of strength training is greater in individuals with morbid obesity than in individuals with obesity of degree I or II. It is also observed that high-intensity interval training tends to be more effective for individuals with prediabetes, compared to type 2 diabetes patients.
Conclusions. Aerobic, strength, combined training and high-intensity interval training are effective in reducing body weight, fat mass, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, hemodynamic and blood vessels parameters. Effectiveness depends on the type of training, duration, intensity of exercise and cardiometabolic disorder.
