Summary
Introduction. Vitreoretinal lymphoma is the most common intraocular lymphoma, with a steadily increasing incidence. Its clinical resemblance to uveitis makes diagnosis challenging, and the prognosis remains poor. Despite treatment, progression to the central nervous system is common, with a five-year mortality rate of up to 90%. However, early diagnosis can delay progression and improve quality of life.
Background. This article presents a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma treated at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics Center of Eye Diseases, highlighting its clinical course, symptoms, differentiation from uveitis, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Materials and Methods. The patients medical data were retrieved from the Electronic health record system. The literature review was conducted using articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. A total of 307 articles meeting the search criteria were identified, of which 284 were excluded due to duplicate information or lack of access to the full text. The review included 23 articles published between 2002 and 2025.
Conclusions. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma is a rare, nonspecifically presenting disease that often mimics uveitis, frequently delaying diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is confirmed by molecular analysis of vitreous or anterior chamber fluid, including detection of MYD88 and CD79b mutations. Local and systemic treatment is based on the administration of methotrexate.
