cyto­kines

It has been convincingly demonstrated that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic in­flammation is present not only in the lung but extends outside the organ, in - volving regional lymph nodes and sys­temic circulation. Inflammatory cell pro­file in patients with COPD had higher numbers of B and CD4+, and especially CD8+ T lymphocytes, neutrophils, macro­phages and it showes that innate immu­nity also plays a key role in pathogenesis of this disease.