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Thalassemia is the most common hemoglobinopathy in the world, with the highest prevalence in endemic areas of malaria such as the Mediterranean, subSaharan Africa, Asia-India, and south-east Asia. It has been estimated that 5% of the world’s population has at least one thalassemia variant allele, with as many as 900,000 individuals with clinically significant disease expected during the early 21st century, the majority in Southern China, India, and Southeast Asia. The disease is divided into alpha and beta thalassemia. Beta thalassemia is divided into minor, intermedia and major.