Summary
Background. This review examines the scientific literature on the challenges of diagnosing and treating atrial fibrillation in elderly patients.
Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted using search queries based on the PICO methodology in international databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 4,201 publications without time restrictions, but after applying inclusion criteria, 14 publications were selected for in-depth review.
Results. Diagnosing atrial fibrillation in elderly patients is complicated by atypical disease presentation, symptom variability, polypharmacy, and a high prevalence of comorbidities. Late diagnosis of atrial arrhythmia significantly impacts patients' quality of life and increases the risk of severe complications. Even with timely diagnosis, healthcare professionals face new challenges in treating elderly patients: treatment decisions are influenced by higher bleeding risk, increased adverse drug reactions, and a greater likelihood of complications during and after interventional procedures.
Conclusions. A holistic approach to patient care and comprehensive AF management is essential to achieve symptom control and prevent complications. This includes not only pharmacological treatment with anticoagulants and antiarrhythmic drugs but also support for the patient's physical and social well-being, regular risk factor reassessment, and continuous patient education. Such an approach helps improve patients' quality of life and optimize healthcare resources amidst ongoing demographic changes.
