Summary
Background. Over the past decade, scientific articles have been providing more and more information about myokines, which are important for glucose and lipid metabolism, brown fat and endothelial cell functioning, tumorigenesis, neurogenesis, and a range of other bodily processes. Recent studies have shown that myokines released from skeletal striated muscle during exercise are involved in the regulation of cellular immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic processes. Recently, the role of myokines in healthy ageing has attracted a lot of scientific interest due to their potential beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory processes and the body's metabolic functions, potentially lowering the risk of a number of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. Investigation of exercise-induced myokine functions could help to identify metabolic processes involved in healthy ageing, and could therefore enable a significant contribution to improving prevention of chronic diseases.
Aim. To describe the association of molecular markers with individual responses to different types of exercise and the role of myokines in personal health by using a review of the scientific literature. To review the physiological mechanisms by which myokines influence personal health and the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases. Explore possible avenues for further and more comprehensive research to determine how exercise relates to effective, timely personal health improvement and enhances the results of the rehabilitation of patients.
Material and methods. The PubMed database of scientific literature was searched for publications presented in the last 10 years and, if necessary, for publications outside this period. These publications were used as a basis for the preparation of a review of the literature that would enable the aim and objectives of the paper to be achieved.
Results. The effects of exercise of varying intensity and duration depend not only on age, gender, genetic factors, type and nature of the physical activity, specificity of the muscles involved, body composition, and general health, but also on the dynamics of the molecular markers myokines, adipokines and hepatokines during exercise.
