Summary
Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are blood cells responsible for blood clotting and ensure hemostasis. When the platelet count is low, bleeding may begin with minimal trauma. If the blood platelet count falls below 20×109/L, a person can begin bleeding spontaneously. One of the most important treatments for patients with low or impaired platelet counts is platelet transfusion. However, in practice, situations are observed, which the platelet transfusion ef fect can not be achieved, i.e., no increase in platelet count is observed after transfusion. The main cause of failed platelet transfusion is antibodies against human platelet alloan - tigens and hu man leucocyte antigen class 1. The three main conditions caused by platelet alloantigens are neonatal allo - immune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion purpura, and refractoriness to platelet transfusion. Detection of these pathological conditions is important for platelet and leukocyte geno typing and identification of antibodies against human platelet and human leukocyte antigens. Significant differences in the prevalence of human platelet antigens and human leukocyte antigens are found in different populations. The human platelets antigen database is significant for the possibility of platelet transfusion. In this review, we discussed platelet antigens, their prevalence, and their significance in clinical practice.
