Analysis of pregnant women gestational diabetes diagnostic indicators and risk factors in Siauliai country hospital

Analysis of pregnant women gestational diabetes diagnostic indicators and risk factors in Siauliai country hospital

Daiva Aukselytė¹, Jūratė Valiūnienė²

Background. Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is firstly recognized during pregnancy. The incidence of gestational diabetes has doubled over the last years. As consequence gestational diabetes leads to the development of type 2 diabe­tes in the mother and increases risk for obesity and glucose intolerance for the offspring.

It is one of the most common compli­cations of pregnancy and affects approxi­mately 1-15% of all pregnancies. If ges­tational diabetes is diagnosed, a strict control of glucose concentration will pre­vent from the neonatal complications. The aim of this study was to investigate gestational diabetes diagnostic indicators of pregnant women, to collect the data about their risk factors and to do the anal­ysis.

Material and methods. Pregnant women were divided into 3 groups: risk of gestational diabetes, with gestational dia­betes and control group. Gestational diabe­tes was diagnosed using oral glucose toler­ance test for 1% of all investigated preg­nancies. The concentration of glucose in se­rum and blood was identified by anatyzer EBIO. Glucosuria was identified by ana­lyzer Junior Meditron.

Results and conclusions. At the be­ginning of pregnancy serum glucose con­centration of risk and gestational diabetes group’s women was statistically higher than of control group.

The main risk factors of gestational diabetes were analysed. The highest body mass index was calculated for 171 (51.5%) women of the risk group, 19 (57.57%) of gestational diabetes group and 132 (25.78%) of the control group be­fore gestation. More patients (21.21%) of the gestational diabetes group were older than of the control group (9.17%), 40% of newborns of gestational diabetes group women born overweighted. Pregnant women with glucosuria were more often in group of gestational diabetes between 24-28 gestational weeks. Therefore, we conclude that women who suffered from ges tational di abe tes were older, their body mass index betore pregnancy was higher, more often an excessive birth- weight was observed in newborns of these pregnant women than in control group.

Keywords: gestational diabetes, glu­cose, glucose tolerance test, glucosuria.